关于临床护理人员职业暴露风险分析与防护对策

李明明

[摘要] 目的 分析关于临床护理人员职业暴露风险与防护对策。 方法 对2017年1月至2019年12月医疗卫生机构发生职业暴露的45名临床护理人员的资料进行回顾性分析，对护理人员的基本资料、个人经历、职业暴露情况、护理实践操作、自我防护意识与防护能力等进行全面调查，以分析职业暴露风险因素，并制订相关防护对策。 结果 经调查发现，45名护理人员在调查期间共发生了100件职业暴露，其中，年龄为20～25岁的护理人员发生职业暴露占比较高;工作年限≤5年占比较高;护士职称的占比较高;急诊科与手术室的职业暴露发生率较高;A班次的职业暴露占比较高;职业暴露次数多为1次。同时，护理人员职业暴露多为处理针头（21.00%）与皮肤黏膜暴露（20.00%）。 结论 针对护理人员的职业暴露，医疗卫生机构应加强职业安全防护培训、规范医疗操作、提高护理人员的职业安全防护意识等，以降低职业暴露的发生率。

[关键词] 临床护理人员;职业暴露;风险分析;防护对策

[Abstract] Objective To analyze the occupational exposure risk and protection countermeasures of clinical nursing staff. Methods The data of 45 clinical nurses who had occupational exposure in medical institutions from January 2017 to December 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. The basic information， personal experience and the situation of occupational exposure， nursing practice，self protection consciousness and protection ability of nursing staff were fully investigated， in order to analyze the risk factors of occupational exposure， and formulate relevant countermeasures. Results The investigation showed that a total of 100 cases of occupational exposure occurred in 45 nursing staff during the investigation period， among which the proportion of occupational exposure was relatively high among nursing staff aged 20-25 years old，the proportion of working time≤5 years was relatively high，the proportion of the title of nurse was relatively high. The probability of occupational exposure was higher in emergency department and operating room.The occupational exposure on shift A was relatively high. The number of occupational exposures was mostly one time. At the same time，the occupational exposures of nursing staff were mostly treating needles （21.00%） and skin mucosa exposure （20.00%）. Conclusion In order to reduce the incidence of occupational exposure， medical and health institutions should strengthen occupational safety training，standardize medical operation， and improve the awareness of occupational safety protection.

[Key words] Clinical nursing staff; Occupational exposure; Risk analysis; Protective countermeasures

在臨床护理工作中，职业暴露属于最常见的职业危害，主要是由于护理人员的工作性质、工作环境的特殊性，使其暴露于各种潜在的危险因素中，从而极易发生职业暴露[1-2]。职业暴露的发生不仅会阻碍正常临床护理工作的开展，还会严重威胁护理工作人员的身心健康。在现阶段的临床护理中，护理工作人员对职业暴露的认知不足、防护意识安全意识低下，导致护理工作人员职业暴露呈明显上升趋势[3-4]。……