新乡市农田土壤环境污染修复初探

徐慧敏 张志旭 吕玉新

【摘  要】農田土壤污染会直接引发人们对粮食安全的担忧，必须引起高度重视。新乡市工业结构化不合理导致农田土壤环境受到重金属污染，被河南省列为土壤污染综合防治先行区。土壤污染修复技术包括土壤淋洗、电热修复、微生物修复、植物修复4种。“十三五”期间，新乡市以政府主导为主，吸收社会力量进行污染土壤的修复试点，多种修复方法并用，取得一定成效。论文在总结农田土壤环境污染修复技术的同时，对土壤污染防治方面提出了明确修复主体、强化修复监管、推升修复产业的对策建议。

【Abstract】Soil pollution in farmland will directly cause people to worry about food security， which must be taken seriously. The unreasonable industrial structuring of Xinxiang City has led to heavy metal pollution of the farmland soil environment， and it has been listed as a pilot area for comprehensive soil pollution prevention and control by Henan Province. Soil pollution remediation technologies include soil leaching， electrothermal remediation， microbial remediation， and phytoremediation. During the "13th Five-Year Plan" period， Xinxiang took the lead of the government and absorbed social forces to carry out the pilot project of remediation of contaminated soil. A variety of remediation methods were used together， and certain results were achieved. While summarizing farmland soil environmental pollution remediation technologies， this paper puts forward countermeasures and suggestions for the prevention and control of soil pollution to clarify the main body of remediation， strengthen remediation supervision， and promote the remediation industry.

【关键词】环境监测;土壤污染;粮食安全;修复技术

【Keywords】environmental monitoring; soil pollution; food security; remediation technology

【中图分类号】X53                                             【文献标志码】A                                                 【文章编号】1673-1069（2021）05-0030-02

1 引言

20世纪初期，新乡市一度号称“中国电池工业之都”，把干电池的生产列为重点工作之一。有资料显示，镍镉电池生产技术含量低，但污染隐患很大，很容易诱发土壤中重金属镉污染。在过去的几十年时间里，电池产业的“粗放式”发展引发了农田土壤环境重金属污染问题[1]。而新乡市又是河南省乃至全国粮食作物主产地，土壤污染不仅打破了原有的土壤环境生态平衡，而且会通过土壤上产出的粮食、蔬菜及其产品的食物链传导给人们。“民以食为天，食以土为本”。可以说，土壤污染能直接引发人们对粮食安全的担忧。河南省的“十三五”规划中，特别强调要加大土壤污染治理和修复力度，把新乡市列为河南省土壤污染综合防治先行区。……