麦收前复种毛叶苕子技术模式的比较研究

李建忠 周喜平 胡喜云 仲生柱 靳存旺 温晓亮 高宇 任永峰

摘要 [目的]对麦收前复种毛叶苕子技术模式进行比较研究。[方法]介绍了麦收前复种毛叶苕子技术模式。在经济效益方面，将该模式与单种1季小麦模式进行了比较；分析了该模式的社会、生态效益，并预测了其应用前景。[结果] 与单种1季小麦模式相比，麦前复种毛叶苕子技术模式收益率增加94.6%；该模式提高了土壤肥力和农田经济效益，缓解了饲草料缺乏，具有广阔的应用前景。[结论]该研究为麦收前复种毛叶苕子技术模式的推广提供了理论依据。

关键词 小麦；毛叶苕子；复种；经济效益

中图分类号 S344.3 文献标识码 A 文章编号 0517-6611（2017）07-0021-01

Comparative Study on the Technical Pattern of Broadcasting Vicia villosa Roth before Wheat Harvesting

LI Jian-zhong1， ZHOU Xi-ping2， HU Xi-yun1， REN Yong-feng3* et al

（1. Agricultural Technology Extension Center of Wuyuan County， Wuyuan， Inner Mongolia 015100；2. Plant Protection and Testing Station of Bayan Nur City， Linhe， Inner Mongolia 015000；3. Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural & Animal Husbandry Sciences， Hohhot， Inner Mongolia 010031）

Abstract [Objective] To carry out comparative study on the technical pattern of broadcasting Vicia villosa Roth before wheat harvesting. [Method] We introduced the technical pattern of broadcasting Vicia villosa Roth before wheat harvesting. This pattern was compared with single wheat pattern in the aspect of economic benefit. The social and ecological benefits of this pattern were introduced， and the application prospect was forecasted. [Result] Compared with single wheat pattern， earnings rate of the technical pattern of broadcasting Vicia villosa Roth before wheat harvesting enhanced by 94.6%. This pattern increased the soil fertility and farmland economic benefits，alleviated the lack of forage grass and feed， and had broad application prospects. [Conclusion] This research provides theoretical basis for the extension of the technical pattern of broadcasting Vicia villosa Roth before wheat harvesting.

Key words Wheat；Vicia villosa Roth；Multiple cropping；Economic benefits

綠肥作物在農业中具有重要地位，有防治水土流失、提高土壤有机质含量、改善土壤理化性状的作用。此外，绿肥作物通过自身的生长和还田，能为其他作物供应大量的有效养分[1-2]。毛叶苕子又名冬苕子，属豆科植物，根系根瘤菌具有固氮作用，是我国北方地区优良豆科饲草作物之一，能缓解养殖业饲草不足的问题，也可作为绿肥培肥土壤[3]。经测定，毛叶苕子收获后0～40 cm 土层土壤全氮含量较小麦单作田增加10%[4]。禾本科作物和豆科作物间复种已被我国许多地区所采用，其主要优势是禾本科作物能利用豆科作物的固氮特性获得氮素的补充[5-10]。麦收前撒播毛叶苕子复种技术是在小麦最后一次灌溉前撒播毛叶苕子种子，种子借助小麦秋季收获前植株行间湿润的种床直接生长发育的栽培模式，该模式不仅可以提高复种指数和土地当量比，充分利用光、热、水资源，补充区域“一季有余、两季不足”的生育空间，而且可以解决畜牧业生产中的饲草饲料不足问题。……