一种提高作物产量杂种优势的亲本选配方法

潘春桂

摘要 [目的]研究棉花双亲间一些产量性状的差异与杂种一代产量中亲优势的变异性。[方法]采用半双列杂交方法配制36个组合，按照随机区组方法进行设计。[结果]双亲铃重均匀度和单株成铃数是棉花产量杂种优势变化的敏感性状，提高全株铃重均匀度的双亲差异或减小单株成铃数的双亲差异，均可使产量中亲优势变异加大。[结论]该研究为选育产量强优或超强优杂种一代提供理论依据。

关键词 中亲优势；变异性；铃重均匀度；单株成铃数；敏感性状

中图分类号 S562 文献标识码 A 文章编号 0517-6611（2017）07-0028-02

A Parent Selection Method to Improve Crop Yield Heterosis—Taking Cotton for Example

PAN Chun-gui

（Seed Management Stations of Dongzhi County， Dongzhi， Anhui 247210）

Abstract [Objective] To study difference of some yield characters of cotton between parents and yield mid-parent heterosis variability of first generation of hybrid. [Method] By adopting the method of half diallel cross 36 combination were prepared， and the experiment was

carried out in accordance with the method of randomized block design. [Result] Boll weight evenness of parents and the bell number per plant was the sensitive characters of cotton yield heterosis change.Improving parents differences of the whole boll weight evenness or reducing parents differences of the bell number per plant could make yield mid-parent heterosis variation increase. [Conclusion] The study provides theoretical basis for breeding first generation of hybrid with strong optimal or super optimal yield.

Key words Mid-parent heterosis；Variation；Boll weight evenness；The bell number per plant；Sensitive character

對作物杂种优势的遗传研究已有很多报道，棉花产量中亲优势与特殊配合力显著相关，棉花产量与单株成铃数呈显著的显性效应相关，与单铃重也呈显性相关[1-2]，但有研究未得出与其一致的结论[3]。由于试验材料与栽培环境的不同，关于作物产量杂种优势的遗传机制研究结果存在一定差异。因此大量配制杂交组合及后代多环境广泛测试仍是选育强优杂种一代的必要手段，这也使预测作物产量杂种优势显得十分必要。

基于性状变量构成的多维空间的主成分分析和SSR扩增结果计算的遗传距离大多数报道均不支持遗传距离与杂种优势存在直线相关的结论[4]。由于主成分分析目的是在减少维数的空间中计算空间距离，因此初始性状变量的选取对最终确立的主轴影响较大，一些与产量无关或相关性较小的性状变量可能干扰遗传距离与杂种优势的相关性。……