固定化藻类对海水养殖废水中氨氮?无机磷的净化效果

张雪 戴媛媛 韩现芹 高燕

摘要 [目的]明确固定化藻类技术应用于净化海水养殖废水的可行性。[方法]采用海藻酸钙凝胶包埋固定的方法，将培养至对数末期的普通小球藻进行固定，制备3、4、5 mm不同粒径的固定化藻球，比较悬浮藻与不同粒径固定化藻球对海水养殖废水中氨氮和无机磷的去除率及微藻的生长特性。并选择直径为4 mm的藻球、空白胶球、悬浮藻液分别按10%和15%的填充率投放入海水养殖废水中，研究不同填充率条件下藻球对海水养殖废水中氨氮和无机磷的净化效果。[结果]4 mm固定化藻球对海水养殖废水中氨氮、无机磷的去除率较高，填充率为15%条件下去除效果更佳，但藻细胞生长被延缓。[结论]该研究可为固定化小球藻处理海水养殖废水的工厂化应用提供科学依据。

关键词 固定化藻；海水养殖废水；NH+4-N；PO3-4-P；去除率

中图分类号 S949 文献标识码 A 文章编号 0517-6611（2017）07-0047-03

Research on Purification Effect for Nitrogen and Phosphorus in Mariculture Wastewater by Immobilized Algae

ZHANG Xue， DAI Yuan-yuan， HAN Xian-qin et al

（Tianjin Bohai Sea Fisheries Research Institute， Tianjin 300457）

Abstract [Objective] The feasibility of the application of immobilized algae technology in the purification of mariculture wastewater was explored. [Method] Different diameter size of algae ball as 3， 4， 5 mm was made from the immobilized Chlorella vugaris training to the end of logarithm with the method of embedding fixed calcium alginate gel，different diameter size algae ball with suspended algae on removal rate of ammonia nitrogen and inorganic phosphorus and the growth characteristic of the algae cell in mariculture wastewater were compared. And choosing the 4 mm diameter algae ball， putting them into the mariculture wastewater with blank plastic ball and suspended algae respectively according to the filling rate of 10% and 15%， the purification efficiency of ammonia nitrogen and inorganic phosphorus in aquaculture wastewater was studied. [Result] The results showed that the removal rate of nitrogen and phosphorus was higher under the condition of the immobilized algae ball in 4 mm diameter size and 15% filling rate in mariculture wastewater， but the growth of algae cells in fixed algal ball was delayed. [Conclusion] The study can provide scientific basis for factory application of the treatment of mariculture wastewater by immobilized algae technology.

Key words Immobilized algae；Mariculture wastewater；NH+4-N；PO3-4-P；Removal rate

微藻固定化技術是利用載体将藻类细胞固定，形成固定化藻类系统，该系统不仅不溶解于水，并且细胞具有良好的生物活性，该技术起始于1969年日本生物学家千畑一郎创建的固定化技术。固定化技术早期用于固定化酶，随后用于细菌、酵母等微生物活细胞的固定化培养。1979年被Brodelius用于植物细胞的固定化培养[1]，到20世纪90年代才对固定化微藻培养展开一些探索性的研究[1-2]。

早期研究表明，微藻固定化培养具有广阔的应用前景，如次生代谢物质的生产[3]、种质保存[4]、污水处理[5-14]等。其中，固定化藻类处理污水是近年发展起来的一项污水处理新技术，该技术应用于污水处理，具有藻细胞浓度高、反应速度快、藻细胞易于收获等优势[5-6]。……