汪骞 陶婧 袁艺 龙荣华 李石开



摘要 老挝地处热带和亚热带,地多人少,商品蔬菜生产欠发达。随着中国“一带一路”建设项目的实施和旅游人口的增加,蔬菜消费缺口逐渐加大。该研究在中国援老蔬菜项目工作基础上,概述了老挝蔬菜生产与消费现状,对老挝发展蔬菜产业的地理气候条件、政策环境优势及发展前景进行分析,并提出了相关发展建议与技术措施。
关键词 蔬菜种植;蔬菜产业;反季节蔬菜;老挝
中图分类号 S-9 文献标识码 A 文章编号 0517-6611(2017)07-0201-04
The Overview and Prospect of Vegetable Industry in Laos
WANG Qian1,2,TAO Jing1,2,YUAN Yi1,2,LI Shi-kai1,2* et al
(1.Horticultural Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Science, Kunming,Yunnan 650205;2.Engineering Research Center of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Support Production Technology, Kunming,Yunnan 650205)
Abstract Laos is located in the tropics and subtropics,which is abundant of land resource but less population,the commodity vegetable productions is underdeveloped. Along with the implementation of Chinese project—"One Belt And One Road" and booming tourism in Laos,which resulted in the gap between productions and consumption are gradually increasing in vegetable. Based on the work of Chinese government sponsored Laos agriculture projects, we described the current situation of Laos vegetable production and consumption,and analyzed the advantages of regions,climatic conditions,policies and development prospect ,provided some suggestions and technical measures for Laos vegetable industry.
Key words Vegetable cultivation;Vegetable industry;Anti-season vegetable;Laos
老挝是位于亚洲中南半岛北部的内陆国家,国土面积23.68万km2,2015年总人口大约691万,农业可用地面积为470万hm2。地势北高南低,境内 80%为山地和高原,且多被森林覆盖,南北距离长达1 700 km,东西方向最窄处为 140 km,最宽处为 500 km。老挝人口密度小,不足29人/km2,农业从业人口几乎达到全国总人口的90%[1]。
农业是老挝经济的支柱产业,在国民经济中一直占主导地位,主要农作物有水稻、玉米、木薯、咖啡、烟叶、花生、棉花等,其中水稻是种植面积最大的农作物[2]。根据老挝气候特点和良好的自然环境,其具有发展商品蔬菜生产的优势,尤其是与中国接壤的北部山区,是老挝为数不多的商品蔬菜基地,也是“替代种植”的主要区域。2013年5月—2015年5月,在中国援助老挝项目和云南省国际科技特派员项目的支持下,笔者前往老挝北部乌多姆赛省孟赛的老中农业科技示范园开展蔬菜生产技术与示范种植研究,期间对老挝蔬菜生产现状及发展前景进行了调研和分析。……