论新时代人民代表大会制度的坚持和完善

程美东，王舒婷

关键词：人民代表大会制度;议行合一;民主集中制;监督任免权;人大代表

摘 要：人民代表大会制度是我国的根本政治制度，其中议行合一原则相较于三权分立而言是更加科学的政权组织方式。人民代表大会制度正确处理了权利与权力的辩证关系，是对于资本主义民主模式的成功超越;采用民主集中制的组织原则，是党的领导、人民当家作主和依法治国三者的有机统一。人民代表大会制度经历了65年的发展，尤其是改革开放40年以来，取得了举世瞩目的成就，在未来的发展中仍然需要紧跟人民的要求，在处理与党的领导的关系、履行监督任免职权和人大代表制度中关于代表人数合适性、人大代表专职化、代表产生的规则和程序以及意见的表达等方面自我完善、不断进步。

中图分类号：D622 文献标志码：A 文章编号：1001-2435（2020）02-0001-09

On the Persistence and Perfection of the Peoples Congress System in the New Era

CHENG Mei-dong，WANG Shu-ting（School of Marxism，Peking University，Beijing 100089，China）

Key words：the System of Peoples Congress;combination of legislative and executive powers;democratic centralism;power of supervision，appointment and removal;deputies to Peoples Congresses

Abstract：The System of Peoples Congress is the fundamental political system of our country，in which the principle of the combination of legislative and executive powers is a more scientific way of political power organization than the separation of powers. It correctly deals with the dialectical relationship between right and power，which is a successful transcendence for the capitalist democratic model. It adopts the principle of democratic centralism and is an organic unity of the leadership of the Communist Party of China，people in charge and the rule by law. The System of Peoples Congress system has made remarkable achievements after 65 years of development，especially during the period of reform and opening up 40 years. In the future，it still needs to keep up with the peoples requirements in dealing with the relationship between itself and the leadership of the Communist Party of China，performing the power of supervision and the power of appointment and removal，and solving the problems of the suitability of deputies number，the increase of full-time deputies，the rules and procedures for the generation of deputies，the expression of deputies and other aspects of self-improvement and continuous progress of the System of Peoples Congress.

人民代表大會制度是中国人民的必然选择。从历史的角度看，中国政治制度曾经出现两次大变局，其一是封建改而郡县，其二是专制改而共和。由封建制向郡县制的转变是比较成功的，但是在新中国成立之前，由专制制度向共和制度的转变很难说是成功的。[1]16事实证明，“不触动旧的社会根基的自强运动……照搬西方政治制度模式的各种方案，都不能完成中华民族救亡图存和反帝反封建的历史任务，都不能让中国的政局和社会稳定下来，也都谈不上为中国实现国家富强、人民幸福提供制度保障”。[2]只有以实现中国人民当家作主和中华民族伟大复兴为己任的中国共产党人，才在革命实践和理论思考中找到了答案。