滑移面几何特征对高速转杯成纱效能影响研究

摘要： 为改进转杯纺的工艺性能和成纱效率，根据转杯国家标准及其结构特征，针对抽气式转杯开发了APDL参数化设计程序。文章在优化数学模型构建和有限元分析基础之上，采用零阶方法实现了转杯机械力学性能动态优化。结果显示：当滑移面角度α为18.13°、长度L为17.98 mm时，转杯基频f1逼近值达到最大（7 425 Hz），相对于初始基频提高了约8.1%，使转杯结构抗振性能得到有效提升;静力学性能方面，优化后的杯体Von Mises等效应力最大值减小了63 MPa，最大静力位移减小了0.101 mm，有效增强了抽气式转杯的疲劳强度和静力刚度。为超高速转杯的动态设计与结构优化提供了技术思路，对于新型高速转杯纺纱机的设计研发具有一定参考价值。

关键词： 滑移面;转杯纺;高速;参数化;自由端纺纱;有限元仿真

中图分类号： TS104.71

文献标志码： A

文章编号： 1001-7003（2021）05-0041-06

引用页码： 051107

DOI： 10.3969/j.issn.1001-7003.2021.05.007（篇序）

Abstract： To improve the rotor-spinning process performance and yarn-forming efficiency， a APDL parametric design program for aspirated rotor was developed in accordance with national standard and rotor structural features. Through optimized mathematical model building and finite element analysis， dynamic optimization of the rotor mechanical properties was implemented using zero-order method. The results showed that when the angle of slip plane α was 18.13°and the length L was 17.98 mm， the approximate value of fundamental frequency f1 for the rotor reached maximum（7 425 Hz）， about 8.1% higher than the initial frequency， which effectively improved the vibration resistance of the rotor. In terms of the static performance， maximum value of Von Mises equivalent stress on the rotor was reduced by 63 MPa and the maximum static displacement on the rotor was also reduced by 0.101 mm， which effectively strengthened the fatigue strength and static stiffness of the rotor. This paper provides some technical ideas for the dynamic design and structural optimization of ultra-high-speed rotor and has important reference value for the design and development of new-type high-speed rotor spinning machine.

Key words： slip plane; rotor spinning; high-speed; parameterization; open-end spinning; finite element simulation

轉杯纺（rotor spinning）属于新型自由端纺纱技术之一。在转杯纺纱过程中，高速转杯的振动不仅会严重影响纺纱效率和成纱质量，而且不利于转杯纺纱机的减振降噪。当前关于转杯纺和转杯的科学研究，主要集中在纺纱工艺参数优化、主要元件组合优化，以及纺纱通道和杯内气流场的数值模拟等方面，而针对转杯结构及其机械性能优化的相关研究相对较少[1]。例如，康辉[2]在建立预测回归模型的基础上，利用Design-Expert软件实现了长丝牵伸倍数、捻系数和转杯速度三个工艺参数的优化;秦彩霞等[3]采用多目标模糊决策和聚类分析法优选纺纱元件，实现了对精梳落毛转杯纺纱主要元件的组合优化;李相东等[4]运用Fluent流体仿真软件对转杯内气流场特性进行了模拟分析和深入研究，明确了凝聚槽、滑移面角度对杯内气流场及负压分布影响。……