“双基”之外的小学语文定位与教学

韩其祥

【摘    要】依旧处于应试机制下的现代语文教育尚未脱离单纯“双基”教学的陈旧轨道，过多注重能即学即用、效果显著可见的识字、抄写、课文讲解、背诵默写、答题模板嵌套等。这确实使“双基”目标得以有效落实，但也使语文课堂呈死水一潭，语文的教育价值与本身之美无处发挥，学生有的语文天赋和灵性被渐渐磨钝，以至于最终泯灭，这会对学生的成长造成不可弥补的伤害。因此，在小学启蒙阶段对“双基”之外的语文定位与教学探讨，是革学科教学之弊陋、树学科教学之新风的必然需要。

【关键词】小学语文;双基;体验文学艺术

中图分类号：G623.2        文献标识码：A      文章编号：1006-7485（2021）28-0099-02

Orientation and Teaching of Chinese in Primary Schools Beyond "Basic Knowledge and Basic Skills"

（Heishan Primary School， Nanfeng Town， Minle County， Zhangye city， Gansu Province， China）HAN Qixiang

【Abstract】Modern Chinese education， which is still under the test-taking mechanism， has not deviated from the outdated track of simple "basic knowledge and basic skills" teaching. It pays too much attention to literacy， copying， text explanation， recitation， and nesting of answer templates， etc.， that can be used immediately and have obvious effects. This has indeed enabled the "basic knowledge and basic skills" goal to be effectively implemented， but it has also made the Chinese classroom a stagnant water. The educational value of Chinese and its own beauty have nowhere to be brought into play. The students' Chinese talent and spirituality are gradually obliterated and eventually vanished. This will cause irreparable harm to the growth of students. Therefore， in the primary school enlightenment stage， the Chinese positioning and teaching  discussion beyond the "Basic Knowledge and Basic Skills" is the inevitable need to reform the shortcomings of subject teaching and establish a new style of subject teaching.

【Keywords】Primary School Chinese; Basic knowledge and basic skills ; Experience literature and art

一、“双基”之外的小学语文定位

《基础教育课程改革纲要》在课程改革的目标中提及：“改变课程过于注重知识传授的倾向，强调形成积极主动的学习态度，使获得基础知识和基本技能的过程同时成为学会学习和形成正确价值观的过程。”当代基础语文教育应在“双基”之外，并重培养学生一生发展所需的能力与品格。著名学者傅国涌也认为：“这个时代需要的已经不是简单的现成知识，而是知识以外的东西，比如说方法、视野、思想。”语文教育家于漪老师亦言：“语文学习不仅是外在的形式学习，更重要的还有学生内心的心灵成长，包括思维、情感、性格、能力的成长。”这都指向现代或者真正科学的语文教育新形态——以“育人”为中心、以“过程性习得”为重点的语文教育。这是学生个人发展的需求，也是学生适应现代社会发展及社会本身发展的需要。……